What is a Yokozuna(Grand Champion) in Sumo?

The Grand Yokozuna: The Pinnacle of Sumo Wrestling

Yokozuna (横綱) is the highest rank in professional sumo wrestling, a sport deeply rooted in Japanese tradition and culture. Attaining the title of Yokozuna is not merely about strength; it is a recognition of exceptional skill, character, and an embodiment of the spirit of sumo. Let’s delve into the world of Yokozuna and uncover what makes this rank so prestigious.

Yokozuna Dohyo--iri (Shiranui ver.)

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**What is a Yokozuna?**

*The Apex of Sumo Hierarchy*

In the hierarchical world of sumo wrestling, Yokozuna stands at the very top. On the official rankings chart (banzuke), Yokozuna is listed above the Ozeki, which is the second-highest rank. Once a wrestler achieves this title, they retain it for life—there is no demotion for a Yokozuna. However, with great honor comes immense responsibility, as poor performance or behavior can lead to calls for retirement.

*The Origin of the Name*

The term "Yokozuna" originates from the thick ceremonial rope (also called yokozuna) worn around the waist by these elite wrestlers during special rituals. Made from white hemp, this rope symbolizes their unparalleled status and is an iconic element of sumo's rich visual tradition.

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**Criteria for Becoming a Yokozuna**

*Path to Promotion*

Promotion to Yokozuna is no easy feat. A wrestler must:

- Achieve repeated tournament victories as an Ozeki (either consecutively or with outstanding performance over time).

- Receive a recommendation from the Yokozuna Deliberation Council.

- Gain approval from the Japan Sumo Association's board of directors.

*Qualities Beyond Strength*

Being a Yokozuna requires more than just dominance in the ring. The title demands:

- **Exceptional Skill**: A Yokozuna must demonstrate unmatched technical prowess and strength.

- **Dignity and Grace**: Known as *hinkaku* in Japanese, this encompasses moral character, decorum, and the ability to inspire respect both on and off the dohyo (sumo ring).

The philosophy behind this is clear: a Yokozuna must embody the highest ideals of sumo, serving as a role model for other wrestlers and a symbol of Japanese culture.

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**Privileges and Responsibilities

*Exclusive Privileges*

As the pinnacle of sumo wrestling, Yokozuna enjoy unique honors:

1. **Yokozuna Dohyo-Iri**: A ceremonial ring-entering ritual performed only by Yokozuna.

2. **No Demotion**: Unlike other ranks, a Yokozuna cannot be demoted due to poor performance.

3. **Retirement Ceremony**: Upon stepping away from active competition, a Yokozuna is honored with a grand retirement event, including a traditional *danpatsu-shiki* (hair-cutting ceremony).

*Weighty Responsibilities*

However, these privileges come with significant expectations:

- A Yokozuna is expected to consistently compete for tournament championships.

- They must uphold the dignity of their rank through exemplary conduct both inside and outside the ring.

- While they cannot lose their rank, sustained poor performance or scandal may lead to pressure to retire voluntarily.

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*The Great Yokozuna*

Throughout the centuries, several names have stood out as symbols of excellence in sumo. Among the most celebrated are:

- **Taiho (大鵬)**: Often referred to as one of the greatest Yokozuna of all time, Taiho dominated the ring during his career in the 1960s. His grace and power made him a beloved figure in the sumo world.

- **Chiyonofuji (千代の富士)**: Known as "The Wolf," Chiyonofuji was famed for his incredible physique and longevity in the sport. He inspired countless fans with his determination and resilience, earning 31 tournament championships during his career.

- **Takanohana (貴乃花)**: A fan favorite in the 1990s, Takanohana was celebrated for his technical prowess and calm demeanor. His rivalry with other top-tier wrestlers helped elevate the sport's popularity during his era.

- **Hakuho (白鵬)**: A true modern legend, Hakuho holds the record for the most tournament victories in sumo history, with an astounding 45 championships. His dominance and versatility have solidified his status as one of the greatest Yokozuna ever.

### Breaking Barriers: The First Foreign Yokozuna

Sumo is deeply rooted in Japanese tradition, but it has also embraced athletes from around the world. One of the most groundbreaking moments in sumo history came with the rise of **Akebono (曙)**. Born in Hawaii, Akebono became the first foreign-born wrestler to achieve the prestigious rank of Yokozuna in 1993. His achievement paved the way for other international wrestlers to pursue greatness in Japan's national sport.

Yokozuna Dohyo-iri (Unryu ver)

**The Ceremonial Yokozuna Dohyo-Iri**

One of the most iconic aspects of being a Yokozuna is the *dohyo-iri*, or ring-entering ceremony. This ritual has deep spiritual significance, as it is believed to ward off evil spirits and purify the ring. There are two distinct styles of this ceremony:

1. **Unryu Style

2. **Shiranui Style

During the ceremony, the Yokozuna wears their ceremonial rope and performs symbolic movements such as stomping their feet (*shiko*) and cutting through the air with their hands (*tegatana*). These gestures are steeped in Shinto beliefs and emphasize the sacred nature of sumo.

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